geoext_client.rst @ 67

Revision 63, 14.5 KB checked in by djay, 13 years ago (diff)
Initial import of pgROuting workshop for translation. Section 1 to 3 translated, pleae review.

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[63]	1	==============================================================================================================
	2	GeoExt Browser Client
	3	==============================================================================================================
	4
	5	`GeoExt <http://www.geoext.org/>`_ is a JavaScript Toolkit for Rich Web Mapping Applications. GeoExt
	6	brings together the geospatial know how of `OpenLayers <http://www.openlayers.org>`_ with
	7	the user interface savvy of `Ext JS <http://www.sencha.com>`_ to help you build powerful desktop
	8	style GIS apps on the web with JavaScript.
	9
	10	Let's start with a simple GeoExt example and extend it with routing functionality then:
	11
	12	.. literalinclude:: ../../web/routing-0.html
	13	:language: html
	14
	15	In the header we include all the javascript and css needed for the application,
	16	we also define a function to be run when the page is loaded (Ext.onReady).
	17
	18	This function creates a `GeoExt.MapPanel
	19	<http://www.geoext.org/lib/GeoExt/widgets/MapPanel.html>`_ with an
	20	OpenStreetMap layer centered to Denver. In this code, no OpenLayers.Map is
	21	explicitly created; the GeoExt.MapPanel do this under the hood: it takes the map options, the
	22	center and the zoom and create a map instance accordingly.
	23
	24	To allow our users to get directions, we need to provide:
	25	* a way to select the routing algorithm (Shortest path Dijkstra, A* or Shooting*),
	26	* a way to select the start and final destination.
	27
	28	.. note:: This chapter only show code snippets, the full source code of the
	29	page can be found in ``pgrouting-workshop/web/routing-final.html`` that should
	30	be on your desktop. The full listing can also be found at the end of this chapter.
	31
	32	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	33	Routing method selection
	34	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	35
	36	To select the routing method, we will use an `Ext.form.ComboBox
	37	<http://www.sencha.com/deploy/dev/docs/?class=Ext.form.ComboBox>`_: it
	38	behaves just like a normal html select but we can more easily control it.
	39
	40	Just like the GeoExt.MapPanel, we need an html element to place our control,
	41	let's create a new div in the body (with 'method' as id):
	42
	43	.. code-block:: html
	44
	45	<body>
	46	<div id="gxmap"></div>
	47	<div id="method"></div>
	48	</body>
	49
	50	Then we create the combo itself:
	51	.. code-block:: js
	52
	53	var method = new Ext.form.ComboBox({
	54	renderTo: "method",
	55	triggerAction: "all",
	56	editable: false,
	57	forceSelection: true,
	58	store: [
	59	["SPD", "Shortest Path Dijkstra"],
	60	["SPA", "Shortest Path A*"],
	61	["SPS", "Shortest Path Shooting*"]
	62	]
	63	});
	64
	65	In the ``store`` option, we set all the possible values for the routing method;
	66	the format is an array of options where an option is in the form ``[key, name]``.
	67	The ``key`` will be send to the server (the php script in our case) and the
	68	``value`` displayed in the combo.
	69
	70	The ``renderTo`` specify where the combo must be rendered, we use our new div here.
	71
	72	And finally, a default value is selected:
	73	.. code-block:: js
	74
	75	method.setValue("SPD");
	76
	77	This part only uses ExtJS component: no OpenLayers or GeoExt code here.
	78
	79	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	80	Select the start and final destination
	81	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	82
	83	We want to allow the users to draw and move the start and final destination
	84	points. This is more or less the behavior of google maps and others: the user
	85	selects the points via a search box (address search) or by clicking the
	86	map. The system query the server and display the route on the map. The user
	87	can later move the start or final point and the route is updated.
	88
	89	In this workshop, we will only implement the input via the map (draw points and
	90	drag-and-drop) but it's possible to implement the search box feature by using a
	91	web service like `GeoNames <http://www.geonames.org/>`_ or any other `geocoding
	92	<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocoding>`_ service.
	93
	94	To do this we will need a tool to draw points (we will use the
	95	`OpenLayers.Control.DrawFeatures
	96	<http://openlayers.org/dev/examples/draw-feature.html>`_ control) and a tool to
	97	move points (`OpenLayers.Control.DragFeatures
	98	<http://openlayers.org/dev/examples/drag-feature.html>`_ will be perfect for
	99	this job). As their name suggests these controls comes from OpenLayers.
	100
	101	These two controls will need a place to draw and manipulate the points; we
	102	will also need an `OpenLayers.Layer.Vector
	103	<http://dev.openlayers.org/releases/OpenLayers-2.10/doc/apidocs/files/OpenLayers/Layer/Vector-js.html>`_
	104	layer. In OpenLayers, a vector layer in a place where features (a geometry and
	105	attributes) can be drawn programmatically (in contrast, the OSM layer is a
	106	raster layer).
	107
	108	Because vector layers are cheap, we will use a second one to draw the route
	109	returned by the web service. The layers initialization is:
	110
	111	.. code-block:: js
	112
	113	// create the layer where the route will be drawn
	114	var route_layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.Vector("route", {
	115	styleMap: new OpenLayers.StyleMap(new OpenLayers.Style({
	116	strokeColor: "#ff9933",
	117	strokeWidth: 3
	118	}))
	119	});
	120
	121	``"route"`` is the layer name, any string can be used.
	122	``styleMap`` gives the layer a bit of visual style with a custom stroke color and
	123	width (in pixel).
	124
	125	The second layer initialization is simply:
	126
	127	.. code-block:: js
	128
	129	// create the layer where the start and final points will be drawn
	130	var points_layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.Vector("points");
	131
	132	The two layers are added to the OpenLayers.Map object with:
	133
	134	.. code-block:: js
	135
	136	// add the layers to the map
	137	map.addLayers([points_layer, route_layer]);
	138
	139	Let's look at the control to draw the points: because this component has
	140	special behavior it's more easy to create a new class based on the standard
	141	OpenLayers.Control.DrawFeatures control. This new control (named DrawPoints) is
	142	saved in a separated javascript file (``web/DrawPoints.js``):
	143
	144	.. literalinclude:: ../../web/DrawPoints.js
	145	:language: js
	146
	147	In the ``initialize`` function (that's the class constructor) we set that
	148	this control can only draw points (handler variable is OpenLayers.Handler.Point).
	149
	150	The special behavior is implemented in the ``drawFeature`` function: because we
	151	only need the start and final points the control deactivates itself when two
	152	points are drawn by counting how many features has the vector
	153	layer. Control deactivation is ``this.deactivate()``.
	154
	155	Our control is then created with:
	156
	157	.. code-block:: js
	158
	159	// create the control to draw the points (see the DrawPoints.js file)
	160	var draw_points = new DrawPoints(points_layer);
	161
	162	``points_layer`` is the vector layer created earlier.
	163
	164	And now for the DragFeature control:
	165
	166	.. code-block:: js
	167
	168	// create the control to move the points
	169	var drag_points = new OpenLayers.Control.DragFeature(points_layer, {
	170	autoActivate: true
	171	});
	172
	173	Again, ``points_layer`` is the vector layer, ``autoActivate: true`` tells
	174	OpenLayers that we want this control to be automatically activated.
	175
	176	.. code-block:: js
	177
	178	// add the controls to the map
	179	map.addControls([draw_points, drag_points]);
	180
	181	Adds the controls to the map.
	182
	183	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	184	Call and receive data from web service
	185	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	186
	187	The basic workflow to get a route from the web server is:
	188
	189	#. transform our points coordinates from EPSG:900913 to EPSG:4326
	190	#. call the web service with the correct arguments (method name and two points coordinates)
	191	#. parse the web service response: transform GeoJSON to OpenLayers.Feature.Vector
	192	#. transform all the coordinates from EPSG:4326 to EPSG:900913
	193	#. add this result to a vector layer
	194
	195	The first item is something new: our map uses the EPSG:900913 projection
	196	(because we use an OSM layer) but the web service expects coordinates in
	197	EPSG:4326: we have to re-project the data before sending them. This is not a
	198	big deal: we will simply use the `Proj4js <http://trac.osgeo.org/proj4js/>`_
	199	javascript library.
	200
	201	(The second item call the web service is covered in the next chapter.)
	202
	203	The routing web service in pgrouting.php returns a `GeoJSON
	204	<http://geojson.org/>`_ FeatureCollection object. A FeatureCollection is simply
	205	an array of features: one feature for each route segment. This is very convenient because
	206	OpenLayers and GeoExt have all what we need to handle this format. To make our
	207	live even easier, we are going to use the GeoExt.data.FeatureStore:
	208
	209	.. code-block:: js
	210
	211	var store = new GeoExt.data.FeatureStore({
	212	layer: route_layer,
	213	fields: [
	214	{name: "length"}
	215	],
	216	proxy: new GeoExt.data.ProtocolProxy({
	217	protocol: new OpenLayers.Protocol.HTTP({
	218	url: './php/pgrouting.php',
	219	format: new OpenLayers.Format.GeoJSON({
	220	internalProjection: epsg_900913,
	221	externalProjection: epsg_4326
	222	})
	223	})
	224	})
	225	});
	226
	227	A store is simply a container to store informations: we can push data into and
	228	get it back.
	229
	230	Let's explain all the options:
	231
	232	``layer``: the argument is a vector layer: by specifying a layer, the
	233	FeatureStore will automatically draw the data received into this
	234	layer. This is exactly what we need for the last item (*add this result to a
	235	vector layer*) in the list above.
	236
	237	``fields``: lists all the attributes returned along with the geometry: pgrouting.php
	238	returns the segment length so we set it here. Note that this information is not
	239	used in this workshop.
	240
	241	``proxy``: the proxy item specify where the data should be taken: in our case
	242	from a HTTP server. The proxy type is GeoExt.data.ProtocolProxy: this class
	243	connects the ExtJS world (the store) and the OpenLayers world (the protocol
	244	object).
	245
	246	``protocol``: this OpenLayers component is able to make HTTP requests to an ``url``
	247	(our php script) and to parse the response (``format`` option). By adding the
	248	``internalProjection`` and ``externalProjection`` option, the coordinates
	249	re-projection in made by the format.
	250
	251	We now have all what we need to handle the data returned by the web service: the next
	252	chapter will explain how and when to call the service.
	253
	254	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	255	Trigger the web service call
	256	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	257
	258	We need to call the web service when:
	259	* the two points are drawn
	260	* one of the point is moved
	261	* the routing method has changed
	262
	263	Our vector layer generates an event (called ``featureadded``) when a
	264	new feature is added, we can listen to this event and call to pgrouting
	265	function (this function will be presented shortly):
	266
	267	.. code-block:: js
	268
	269	draw_layer.events.on({
	270	featureadded: function() {
	271	pgrouting(store, draw_layer, method.getValue());
	272	}
	273	});
	274
	275	.. note:: Before we continue some words about events: an event in OpenLayers
	276	(the same apply for ExtJS and other frameworks), is a system to allow a
	277	function to be called when something happened. For instance when a layer is
	278	added to the map or when the mouse is over a feature. Multiple functions can
	279	be connected to the same event.
	280
	281	No event is generated when a point is moved, hopefully we can give a
	282	function to the DragFeature control to be called we the point is moved:
	283
	284	.. code-block:: js
	285
	286	drag_points.onComplete = function() {
	287	pgrouting(store, draw_layer, method.getValue());
	288	};
	289
	290	For the method combo, we can add a listeners options to the constructor with
	291	a `select` argument (that's the event triggered when the user changes the value):
	292
	293	.. code-block:: js
	294
	295	var method = new Ext.form.ComboBox({
	296	renderTo: "method",
	297	triggerAction: "all",
	298	editable: false,
	299	forceSelection: true,
	300	store: [
	301	["SPD", "Shortest Path Dijkstra"],
	302	["SPA", "Shortest Path A*"],
	303	["SPS", "Shortest Path Shooting*"]
	304	],
	305	listeners: {
	306	select: function() {
	307	pgrouting(store, draw_layer, method.getValue());
	308	}
	309	});
	310
	311
	312	It's now time to present the pgrouting function:
	313
	314	.. code-block:: js
	315
	316	// global projection objects (uses the proj4js lib)
	317	var epsg_4326 = new OpenLayers.Projection("EPSG:4326"),
	318	epsg_900913 = new OpenLayers.Projection("EPSG:900913");
	319
	320	function pgrouting(store, layer, method) {
	321	if (layer.features.length == 2) {
	322	// erase the previous route
	323	store.removeAll();
	324
	325	// transform the two geometries from EPSG:900913 to EPSG:4326
	326	var startpoint = layer.features[0].geometry.clone();
	327	startpoint.transform(epsg_900913, epsg_4326);
	328	var finalpoint = layer.features[1].geometry.clone();
	329	finalpoint.transform(epsg_900913, epsg_4326);
	330
	331	// load to route
	332	store.load({
	333	params: {
	334	startpoint: startpoint.x + " " + startpoint.y,
	335	finalpoint: finalpoint.x + " " + finalpoint.y,
	336	method: method
	337	}
	338	});
	339	}
	340	}
	341
	342	The pgrouting function calls the web service through the store argument.
	343
	344	At first, the function checks if two points are passed in
	345	argument. Then, ``store.removeAll()`` is called to erase a previous result
	346	from the layer (remember that the store and the vector layer are binded).
	347	The two points coordinates are then projected using OpenLayers.Projection
	348	instances.
	349
	350	Finally, ``store.load()`` is called with a ``params`` representing the
	351	pgrouting.php arguments (they are passed to the HTTP GET call).
	352
	353	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	354	What's next ?
	355	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	356
	357	Possible enhancements:
	358	* use a geocoding service to get start/final point
	359	* way point support
	360	* nice icons for the start and final points
	361	* driving directions (road map): we already have the segment length
	362
	363	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	364	Full source code
	365	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	366
	367	.. literalinclude:: ../../web/routing-final.html
	368	:language: html
	369

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